Role of ON and OFF Visual Pathways in Rod- and Cone-Driven Flicker Responses
Authors
Liao, Fei; Liu, Haitao; Gallego Ortega, Alejandro; Germain Martínez, Francisco José; Villa Polo, Pedro de laIdentifiers
Permanent link (URI): http://hdl.handle.net/10017/60492DOI: 10.24976/Discov.Med.202335177.56
ISSN: 1539-6509
Date
2023-08Bibliographic citation
Discovery medicine, 2023, v. 35, n. 177, p. 553-564
Keywords
CFF
flicker response
neurotransmitter
retina
mice
Document type
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Version
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Rights
© The Authors
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)
Access rights
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the effects of various retinal neurotransmitters on temporal resolution, particularly, on the Critical Flicker Fusion Frequency (CFF), which has been previously applied in ophthalmic pathophysiologic research. Methods: A binocular physiologic electroretinogram was performed on adult mice. Animals in the control group were injected in the right eye with 1 & mu;L of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). Animals in the experimental group were injected in the left eye with 1 & mu;L of PBS and in the right eye with 1 & mu;L of PBS to which different molecules were added: 2-amino-4-phosphonobutyric hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid (HEPES). Initially, rod response was recorded and later the cone response. Results: APB suppressed the rod-driven, but not the cone-driven flicker response. The other agents severely affected the lower flickering frequency response amplitude, in particular, at 3 Hz. The threshold of CFF was lowered from 50 Hz to 40 Hz after applying APB, Glycine, and HEPES. GABA remarkably enhanced rod-driven and cone-driven flicker response at 3 Hz, whereas Glutamate and GABA/Glutamate only did in rod-driven flicker response. Conclusions: Both ON and OFF visual pathways were implied in cone-driven response, but only the ON visual pathway appears to play a relevant role in rod-driven flicker response. Flicker response seems to be enhanced by horizontal cells both in roddriven and cone-driven response. In addition, due to the greater sensitivity of the flicker at low frequencies, it is suggested that pathophysiological studies should be carried out at said frequencies.
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