Health, longevity, infrastructure and competitiveness: the Four Horsemen of COVID-19
Identifiers
Permanent link (URI): http://hdl.handle.net/10017/60148DOI: 10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.02.053
ISSN: 0148-2963
Date
2021-03-11Embargo end date
2024-03-12Affiliation
Universidad de Alcalá. Departamento de Economía y Dirección de Empresas; Universidad de Alcalá. Instituto Universitario de Análisis Económico y Social (IAES)Bibliographic citation
Journal of Business Research, 2021, v. 129, p. 244-249
Keywords
Competitiveness
Infrastructure
Health system
COVID-19
Document type
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Version
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Rights
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)
© 2021 Elsevier
Access rights
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Abstract
Many researchers around the world are working to reach a general framework to provide solutions for COVID-19 in different ways. From our economic and business orientation, 'Health, Longevity, Infrastructure and Competitiveness” are presented in this paper as the Four Horsemen of COVID-19. Our aim is to analyse the relationship between these proposed four factors and their influence on COVID-19. Using the Global Competitive Index (GCI), Health Systems in Transition (HiT) and the System of Health Accounts (SHA), we complete a database for a total of 28 countries of the European Union, including the United Kingdom and using variables related to the environment of each region (competitiveness, security, infrastructure, population and health system). Our study is focused on a descriptive analysis and a binary logistic model (logit), trying to distinguish between countries with more and less incidence of COVID-19. According to the results, the presence of these four factors – which are desirables for any country – implies a greater transmission of the virus in these regions. However, a higher annual expenditure in the health system is related to a lower incidence of COVID-19.
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