Visible light positioning system based on a quadrant photodiode and encoding techniques
Authors
Aparicio Esteve, Elena; Hernández Alonso, Álvaro; Ureña Ureña, Jesús; Villadangos Carrizo, José ManuelIdentifiers
Permanent link (URI): http://hdl.handle.net/10017/59588DOI: 10.1109/TIM.2019.2962563
ISSN: 0018-9456
Publisher
IEEE
Date
2020-08Bibliographic citation
Aparicio Esteve, E., Hernández Alonso, A., Ureña Ureña, J. & Villadangos Carrizo, J.M. 2020, "Visible light positioning system based on a quadrant photodiode and encoding techniques", IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, vol. 69, no. 8, pp. 5589-5603.
Keywords
Angle of arrival (AOA)
Light-emitting diode (LED) lamps
Quadrant photodiode
Visible light positioning (VLP)
Document type
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Version
info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
Publisher's version
https://doi.org/10.1109/TIM.2019.2962563Rights
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)
© 2019 IEEE
Access rights
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Abstract
Visible light positioning systems (VLPSs) are a feasible alternative to local positioning systems due to the technology improvement and massive use of light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Compared to other technologies, VLPSs can provide significant advantages, such as the achieved accuracy, although they still present some issues, mainly related to the reduced coverage area or the high computational load. This article proposes the design of a VLPS based on four LED lamps as transmitters and a quadrant photodiode angular diversity aperture (QADA) as a receiver. As the shape of the QADA is circular and the aperture to be installed over it is square, we derive the corresponding general equations to obtain the currents through the different pads of the QADA, regarding the angle of incidence of the light (and, inversely, how to estimate the angle of incidence from the measured currents). An encoding scheme based on 1023-bit Kasami sequences is proposed for every transmission from the LED lamps, thus providing multiple access capability and robustness against low signal-to-noise ratios and harsh conditions, such as multipath and near-far effect. A triangulation technique has been applied to estimate the receiver's position, by means of the least-squares estimator (LSE), together with some geometrical considerations. The proposal has been validated by simulation and by experimental tests, obtaining 3-D positioning average errors below 13 and 5.5 cm for separations between the transmitters' plane and the receiver of 2 and 1 m, respectively.
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