Turning base transceiver stations into scalable and controllable DC microgrids based on a smart sensing strategy
Authors
Tradacete Ágreda, Miguel; Santos Pérez, Carlos; Jiménez Calvo, José Antonio; Rodríguez Sánchez, Francisco Javier; Martín Sánchez, Pedro; [et al.]Identifiers
Permanent link (URI): http://hdl.handle.net/10017/59497DOI: 10.3390/s21041202
ISSN: 7803-7842
Publisher
MDPI
Date
2021-02-09Affiliation
Universidad de Alcalá. Departamento de Electrónica; Universidad de Alcalá. Departamento de Teoría de la Señal y ComunicacionesFunders
Agencia Estatal de Investigación
Comunidad de Madrid
Bibliographic citation
Tradacete Ágreda, M. [et al.], 2021, "Turning base transceiver stations into scalable and controllable DC microgrids based on a smart sensing strategy", Sensors, vol. 21, no. 4, art. no. 1202, pp. 1-25.
Keywords
Base transceiver stations (BTS)
Microgrid
Green communications
Energy management systems (EMS)
IEC61850 standard
Embedded systems for Internet of Things (IoT)
Monitoring and control systems
Photovoltaic distributed generation
Project
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2013-2016/RTC-2017-6231-3/ES/DISEÑO Y DESPLIEGUE DE UN PROTOTIPO DE PLANTA VIRTUAL DE GENERACION, A PARTIR DE LA RED DE ESTACIONES BASE PARA COMUNICACIONES MOVILES/
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/CAM//S2018%2FEMT4366/ES/PROgrama Microredes INTeligentes-CM/PROMINT-CM
Document type
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Version
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Publisher's version
https://doi.org/10.3390/s21041202Rights
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)
© 2021 The authors
Access rights
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Abstract
This paper describes a practical approach to the transformation of Base Transceiver Stations
(BTSs) into scalable and controllable DC Microgrids in which an energy management system (EMS)
is developed to maximize the economic benefit. The EMS strategy focuses on efficiently managing
a Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) along with photovoltaic (PV) energy generation, and non critical load-shedding. The EMS collects data such as real-time energy consumption and generation,
and environmental parameters such as temperature, wind speed and irradiance, using a smart sensing
strategy whereby measurements can be recorded and computing can be performed both locally and
in the cloud. Within the Spanish electricity market and applying a two-tariff pricing, annual savings
per installed battery power of 16.8 euros/kW are achieved. The system has the advantage that it can
be applied to both new and existing installations, providing a two-way connection to the electricity
grid, PV generation, smart measurement systems and the necessary management software. All these
functions are integrated in a flexible and low cost HW/SW architecture. Finally, the whole system is
validated through real tests carried out on a pilot plant and under different weather conditions.
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