Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) promotes metastatic phenotypes through EGFR/HER2 transactivation in prostate cancer cells
Authors
Muñoz Moreno, Laura; Bajo Chueca, Ana María; Prieto Villapún, Juan Carlos; Carmena Sierra, María JoséIdentifiers
Permanent link (URI): http://hdl.handle.net/10017/59301DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.02.011
ISSN: 0303-7207
Date
2017-05-05Funders
Junta de Comunidadesde Castilla-La Mancha
Bibliographic citation
Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, 2017, v. 446, p. 59-69
Keywords
Cell adhesion
Cell migration
GHRH
Prostate cancer
VEGF secretion
Project
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/JCCM//(PII10-0189-3222/ES/
Document type
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Version
info:eu-repo/semantics/aceptedVersion
Rights
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)
© Elsevier
Access rights
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Abstract
The involvement of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) in several relevant processes that contribute to prostate cancer progression was analyzed. Firstly, we evaluated GHRH effects on cell proliferation and adhesion in human cancer prostate cell lines, LNCaP and PC3, by using specific assays (BrdU incorporation and collagen adhesion). The expression levels of the main marker molecules of these processes were measured by RT-PCR, Western blotting and zymography assays. GHRH increased both cell proliferation and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) levels in LNCaP cells and in PC3 cells; however, such a rise was faster in the PC3 cells that represent the most aggressive stage of prostate cancer. Furthermore, GHRH significantly reduced cell adhesion and E-cadherin levels in LNCaP and PC3 cells and up-regulated the total and nuclear expression of ?-catenin in PC3 cells. In addition, we assessed cell cycle, cell migration and VEGF secretion in PC3 cells. GHRH augmented the number of cells in G2/M-phase but diminished that corresponding to G1-phase. Cell-cycle specific markers were evaluated since GHRH effects may be related to their differential expression; we observed a decrease of p53, p21, and Bax/Bcl2 ratio. Furthermore, GHRH increased the expression of CD44, c-myc and cyclin D1, MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity, and VEGF secretion. We also observed that EGFR and/or HER2 transactivation is involved in cell adhesion, cell migration and VEGF secretion produced by GHRH. Consequently, present results define GHRH as a proliferative, anti-apoptotic and migratory agent in prostate cancer.
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