Weak calibration of a visible light positioning system based on a position-sensitive detector: positioning error assessment
Authors
Llana Calvo, Álvaro De La; Lázaro Galilea, José Luis; Gardel Vicente, Alfredo; Salido Monzú, David; Bravo Muñoz, Ignacio; [et al.]Identifiers
Permanent link (URI): http://hdl.handle.net/10017/57410DOI: 10.3390/s21113924
ISSN: 1424-8220
Publisher
MDPI
Date
2021-06-07Funders
Agencia Estatal de Investigación
Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha
Bibliographic citation
Llana Calvo, A. [et al.], 2021, "Weak calibration of a visible light positioning system based on a position-sensitive detector: positioning error assessment", Sensors, vol. 21, no. 11, art. no. 3924, pp. 1-17.
Keywords
Indoor positioning system (IPS)
Visible light positioning (VLP)
Position sensitive detector (PSD)
Soft/weak calibration
Genetic algorithms
Project
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2013-2016/TEC2017-90808-REDT/ES/RED DE EXCELENCIA SOBRE POSICIONAMIENTO Y NAVEGACION EN INTERIORES Y EXTERIORES DELIMITADOS/REPNIN+
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/JCCM//SBPLY%2F19%2F180501%2F000049
Document type
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Version
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Publisher's version
https://doi.org/10.3390/s21113924Rights
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)
Access rights
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Abstract
Reduced deployment and calibration requirements are key for scalable and cost-effective indoor positioning systems. In this work, we propose a low-complexity, weak calibration procedure for an indoor positioning system based on infrastructure lighting and a positioning-sensitive detector. The proposed calibration relies on genetic algorithms to obtain the relevant system parameters in the real positioning environment without a priori information and requires a low number of simple measurements. The achievable performance of the proposal was assessed by direct comparison with a formal offline calibration method requiring complex dedicated infrastructure and instruments. The comparative error assessment showed that the maximum accuracy reduction compared to the significantly more costly formal calibration was below 25 mm, and the overall absolute positioning error was smaller than 35 mm with orientation errors of around 0.25◦. The performance achieved with the proposed weak calibration procedure is sufficient for many indoor positioning applications and largely reduces the cost and complexity of setting up the positioning system in real environments.
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