RT info:eu-repo/semantics/article T1 Citizenship as an instrument of inclusion and exclusion – A comparative analysis of language requirements in naturalization processes in the United States, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand A1 Škifić, Sanja K1 Citizenship K1 Language requirements K1 Inclusion K1 Exclusion K1 Language policy K1 Immigrants K1 Nacionalidad K1 Requisitos lingüísticos K1 Inclusión K1 Exclusión K1 Política lingüística K1 Inmigrantes K1 Lingüística K1 Linguistics K1 Sociología K1 Sociology AB Citizenship is an extremely complex concept and, as such, can beutilized in sociolinguistic research in order to account for differencesin language policies. Language requirements in naturalizationprocesses point to differences in particular countries’ languagepolicies. Specifi cally, analysis of such language requirements revealsthe different facets of the countries’ language policies in terms ofthe ways in which applicants for citizenship via naturalization areexpected to know and use the countries’ offi cial language(s) or themain language (in cases where there is no offi cial language). Thepaper aims to address changes in such language requirements infour immigration countries which are bound by a specifi c pastassociated with colonialism and the fact that English is the mediumof communication for the majority of the population. The countriesare: the United States, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand. Acomparison of past and current language requirements provides aninsight into both past and current status of immigrants and theirlanguages in the four countries. This, in turn, leads to assessmentsof citizenship increasingly being regarded more as an instrument ofinclusion rather than as an instrument of exclusion. PB Universidad de Alcalá. Servicio de Publicaciones SN 1889-5425 YR 2013 FD 2013 LK http://hdl.handle.net/10017/19554 UL http://hdl.handle.net/10017/19554 LA eng DS MINDS@UW RD 28-abr-2024