The first widespread solar energetic particle event observed by Solar Orbiter on 2020 November 29
Authors
Kollhoff, A.; Gómez Herrero, Raúl; Rodríguez García, Laura; Cernuda Cangas, Ignacio Manuel; Espinosa Lara, Francisco; [et al.]Identifiers
Permanent link (URI): http://hdl.handle.net/10017/58881DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/202140937
ISSN: 0004-6361
Publisher
The European Southern Observatory (ESO)
Date
2021-12-14Affiliation
Universidad de Alcalá. Departamento de Automática; Universidad de Alcalá. Departamento de Física y Matemáticas. Unidad docente FísicaFunders
Agencia Estatal de Investigación
Bibliographic citation
Kollhoff, A. [et al.], 2021, "The first widespread solar energetic particle event observed by Solar Orbiter on 2020 November 29", Astronomy & Astrophysics, vol. 653, art. no. A20, pp. 1-16.
Keywords
Sun: particle emission
Sun: heliosphere
Sun: coronal mass ejections (CMEs)
Sun: flares
Interplanetary medium
Project
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2013-2016/ESP2017-88436-R/ES/ENERGETIC PARTICLE DETECTOR EN SOLAR ORBITER: FASES D Y E/
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2017-2020/PID2019-104863RB-I00/ES/ENERGETIC PARTICLE DETECTOR EN SOLAR ORBITER: FASE E, CALIBRACION Y EXPLOTACION DE DATOS/
Document type
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Version
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Publisher's version
https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202140937Rights
Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
Access rights
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Abstract
Context. On 2020 November 29, the first widespread solar energetic particle (SEP) event of solar cycle 25 was observed at four widely separated
locations in the inner (.1 AU) heliosphere. Relativistic electrons as well as protons with energies >50 MeV were observed by Solar Orbiter (SolO),
Parker Solar Probe, the Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory (STEREO)-A and multiple near-Earth spacecraft. The SEP event was associated
with an M4.4 class X-ray flare and accompanied by a coronal mass ejection and an extreme ultraviolet (EUV) wave as well as a type II radio burst
and multiple type III radio bursts.
Aims. We present multi-spacecraft particle observations and place them in context with source observations from remote sensing instruments and
discuss how such observations may further our understanding of particle acceleration and transport in this widespread event.
Methods. Velocity dispersion analysis (VDA) and time shift analysis (TSA) were used to infer the particle release times at the Sun. Solar wind
plasma and magnetic field measurements were examined to identify structures that influence the properties of the energetic particles such as their
intensity. Pitch angle distributions and first-order anisotropies were analyzed in order to characterize the particle propagation in the interplanetary
medium.
Results. We find that during the 2020 November 29 SEP event, particles spread over more than 230◦
in longitude close to 1 AU. The particle onset
delays observed at the different spacecraft are larger as the flare–footpoint angle increases and are consistent with those from previous STEREO
observations. Comparing the timing when the EUV wave intersects the estimated magnetic footpoints of each spacecraft with particle release times
from TSA and VDA, we conclude that a simple scenario where the particle release is only determined by the EUV wave propagation is unlikely
for this event. Observations of anisotropic particle distributions at SolO, Wind, and STEREO-A do not rule out that particles are injected over
a wide longitudinal range close to the Sun. However, the low values of the first-order anisotropy observed by near-Earth spacecraft suggest that
diffusive propagation processes are likely involved.
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