Restoration enhances wetland biodiversity and ecosystem service supply, but results are context-dependent: a meta-analysis
Identificadores
Enlace permanente (URI): http://hdl.handle.net/10017/21417DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093507
ISSN: 1932-6203
Fecha de publicación
2014Patrocinadores
Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia
Comunidad de Madrid
Cita bibliográfica
PLoS ONE, 2014, v. 9, n. 4, e93507
Palabras clave
Wetlands
Ecosystems
Biodiversity
Humedales
Ecosistemas
Biodiversidad
Proyectos
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/MICINN//CGL2010-18312/ES/RESTAURACION DE LA BIODIVERSIDAD Y LOS SERVICIOS ECOSISTEMICOS EN SISTEMAS AGRARIOS. UN ENFOQUE MULTI-ESCALA/
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/CAM//S2009%2FAMB-1783/ES/Restauración y conservación de los ecosistemas madrileños: respuesta frente al cambio global/
Tipo de documento
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Versión
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Versión del editor
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0093507Derechos
Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
© Meli et al., 2014
Derechos de acceso
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Resumen
Wetlands are valuable ecosystems because they harbor a huge biodiversity and provide key services to societies. When natural or human factors degrade wetlands, ecological restoration is often carried out to recover biodiversity and ecosystem services (ES). Although such restorations are routinely performed, we lack systematic, evidence-based assessments of their effectiveness on the recovery of biodiversity and ES. Here we performed a meta-analysis of 70 experimental studies in order to assess the effectiveness of ecological restoration and identify what factors affect it. We compared selected ecosystem performance variables between degraded and restored wetlands and between restored and natural wetlands using response ratios and random-effects categorical modeling. We assessed how context factors such as ecosystem type, main agent of degradation, restoration action, experimental design, and restoration age influenced post-restoration biodiversity and ES. Biodiversity showed excellent recovery, though the precise recovery depended strongly on the type of organisms involved. Restored wetlands showed 36% higher levels of provisioning, regulating and supporting ES than did degraded wetlands. In fact, wetlands showed levels of provisioning and cultural ES similar to those of natural wetlands; however, their levels of supporting and regulating ES were, respectively, 16% and 22% lower than in natural wetlands. Recovery of biodiversity and of ES were positively correlated, indicating a win-win restoration outcome. The extent to which restoration increased biodiversity and ES in degraded wetlands depended primarily on the main agent of degradation, restoration actions, experimental design, and ecosystem type. In contrast, the choice of specific restoration actions alone explained most differences between restored and natural wetlands. These results highlight the importance of comprehensive, multi-factorial assessment to determine the ecological status of degraded, restored and natural wetlands and thereby evaluate the effectiveness of ecological restorations. Future research on wetland restoration should also seek to identify which restoration actions work best for specific habitats.
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Colecciones
- ECOLOGÍA - Artículos [240]