2024-03-28T18:42:01Zhttps://ebuah.uah.es/oai/requestoai:ebuah.uah.es:10017/13782023-12-14T15:35:10Zcom_10017_296com_10017_17962com_10017_17761com_10017_17741col_10017_1138
Diploma earning differences by gender in Colombia
Mora, Jhon James
Muro Romero, Juan de Dios
Sheepskin effects
Pseudo panel data
Gender
Selection bias
Colombia
This paper discusses the existence of diploma earnings differences by gender in Colombia with a model of sheepskin effects based on pseudo panel data for the period 1996-2000. Our results show a significant and distinctive effect of high school and university degrees among men and women. Thus, additional earnings associated with a high school degree are higher for women than for men, while additional earnings associated with a university degree are higher for men compared to women in Colombia in the period under consideration.
2008-03-05T18:34:40Z
2008-03-05T18:34:40Z
2008-02
info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
Alcamentos, N. 0802
http://hdl.handle.net/10017/1378
eng
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Universidad de Alcalá. Departamento de Estadística, Estructura Económica y Organización Económica Internacional
oai:ebuah.uah.es:10017/13272023-12-14T15:35:10Zcom_10017_296com_10017_17962com_10017_17761com_10017_17741col_10017_1138
The impact of e-commerce on the tourist purchase decision : an empirical analysis
Muro Romero, Juan de Dios
Suárez Gálvez, Cristina
Zamora Sanz, María del Mar
e-Commerce
Tourism
Binary choice model with selectivity
Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models
Comercio electrónico
Turismo
Modelos de elección binaria con selección
The development in the tourist industry linked with the rapid growth in e-commerce has put in evidence the existence of a new customer. We empirically investigate the microeconomic determinants of the internet purchased tourist goods. We adopt a reduced form demand for online goods model, extended to incorporate possible selectivity biases stemming from interactions between unobserved individual heterogeneity associated with specific internet use choice. The model is estimated using a very rich dataset from EGATUR (Encuesta de Gasto Turístico), the Spanish Foreign Tourist Expenditure Survey. The sample allows us to explore the influence of price and income related variables as well as personal characteristics on internet purchased goods. Price and income results are consistent with theory. Unobserved individual heterogeneity linked with the use of the internet is significantly correlated to unobserved individual heterogeneity related to online purchases.
2008-02-25T10:29:10Z
2008-02-25T10:29:10Z
2007-01
info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
Alcamentos, N. 0801
http://hdl.handle.net/10017/1327
eng
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Universidad de Alcalá. Departamento de Estadística, Estructura Económica y Organización Económica Internacional
oai:ebuah.uah.es:10017/33232024-03-14T09:29:16Zcom_10017_296com_10017_17962com_10017_17761com_10017_17741col_10017_1138
Private long term care insurance : theoretical approach and results applied to the Spanish case
Alonso González, Pablo
Albarrán Lozano, Irene
Universidad de Alcalá. Departamento de Estadística, Estructura Económica y Organización Económica Internacional
Long term insurance
Pricing
Multi-state model
Simulation
Solvency
This work has been financed by Spanish Ministry of Education and Science and National Plan for Scientific Investigation, Development and Technological Innovation through the project SEJ2005-08070/ECON, and co-financed by FEDER funds.
The passing of the Law 39/2006 has given to Spanish insurance companies the chance of offering products that cover the expenses associated to the risk of dependence. However, due to the lack of reliable statistic information about dependent population, it is extremely difficult to evaluate not only the frequency but also the cost. These two items make the pricing process with a big cloud of uncertainty. This paper proposes a methodology for premium calculation taking into account not only the availability of the data but also the current legal framework in Spain. Together to the theoretical approach, premium calculations for two possible versions are included. Finally, it is introduced a simulation model that pretends to evaluate the impact that a portfolio with these kind of contracts would have on the solvency of an insurance company.
2009-06-25T10:01:04Z
2009-06-25T10:01:04Z
2009-04
info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
Alcamentos, N. 0902
http://hdl.handle.net/10017/3323
eng
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/MEC//SEJ2005-08070%2FECON/ES/El seguro de dependencia. Planteamiento actuarial y Sistemas de financiación para España
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Universidad de Alcalá. Departamento de Estadística, Estructura Económica y Organización Económica Internacional
oai:ebuah.uah.es:10017/20712023-12-14T15:35:11Zcom_10017_296com_10017_17962com_10017_17761com_10017_17741col_10017_1138
A note on computing Murphy-Topel corrected variances in a heckprobit model with endogeneity in Stata
Muro Romero, Juan de Dios
Suárez Gálvez, Cristina
Zamora Sanz, María del Mar
Binary choice model with selectivity and endogenous variables
Two-step estimation in qualitative models
Murphy-Topel corrected variances
Stata program
We outline a fairly simple method to obtain in Stata Murphy-Topel corrected variances for a two-step estimation of a heckprobit model with endogeneity in the main equation. The procedure utilizes the score option and the powerful matrix tool accum in Stata and builds on previous works by Hardin (2002) and Hole (2006).
2008-10-29T14:31:47Z
2008-10-29T14:31:47Z
2008-10
info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
Alcamentos, N. 0804
http://hdl.handle.net/10017/2071
eng
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Universidad de Alcalá. Departamento de Estadística, Estructura Económica y Organización Económica Internacional
oai:ebuah.uah.es:10017/20232023-12-14T15:35:11Zcom_10017_296com_10017_17962com_10017_17761com_10017_17741col_10017_1138
Alcoholic beverages as determinants of traffic fatalities
Arranz Muñoz, José María
Gil, Ana Isabel
Fatalities
Alcoholic beverages
Sanctions
The most important contribution of this research lies in considering the impact of wine, beer and liquors on the ratio of traffic fatalities because each kind of alcoholic beverage is characterized by different ethanol content. The data, drawn for case of Spain, validate our theoretical hypothesis. Our findings support the strategy of incrementing alcohol taxes in order to reduce the negative externalities of alcohol abuse. However, it is necessary to implement non-economic policies because of the existence of collateral effects (positive crossed price elasticities).
2008-10-15T15:18:58Z
2008-10-15T15:18:58Z
2008-09
info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
Alcamentos, N. 0803
http://hdl.handle.net/10017/2023
eng
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Universidad de Alcalá. Departamento de Estadística, Estructura Económica y Organización Económica Internacional
oai:ebuah.uah.es:10017/23762023-12-14T15:35:11Zcom_10017_296com_10017_17962com_10017_17761com_10017_17741col_10017_1138
Long term care in Spain : extent, costs and challenges
Alonso González, Pablo
Albarrán Lozano, Irene
Long term care insurance
Dependence
Costs
Public funds
The passing of Act 39/2006, of 14th December, on the Promotion of Personal Autonomy and
Care for Dependent Persons (known as the Dependent Care Law) has created the fourth pillar
of Welfare State in Spain. In order to achieve its efficient implementation, we need to know
who and how many individuals should be attended and how much money is needed for the
attention. However, the answers to these two questions given until now suggest that a lot of
work is still to be done in order to reach the objectives proposed by the Law.
2008-12-16T12:49:33Z
2008-12-16T12:49:33Z
2008-12
info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
Alcamentos, N.0806
http://hdl.handle.net/10017/2376
eng
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Universidad de Alcalá. Departamento de Estadística, Estructura Económica y Organización Económica Internacional
oai:ebuah.uah.es:10017/24052023-12-14T15:35:11Zcom_10017_296com_10017_17962com_10017_17761com_10017_17741col_10017_1138
When is concentration beneficial? Evidence from U.S. manufacturing
López, Rigoberto A.
López Díaz-Delgado, Elena
Liron-Espana, Carmen
Concentration
Welfare
Economies of size
Market power
Manufacturing
This article estimates the impact of industrial concentration on market power and cost and then links the ensuing welfare changes to market structure characteristics using a sample of 232 U.S. manufacturing industries. Empirical results indicate that further increases in concentration would enhance welfare in 70% of the industries due to widespread efficiency gains, although these would generally not be passed on to consumers. From a social standpoint, further concentration is more likely to be beneficial in industries with economies of size, high export intensity, which are engaged in consumer-oriented goods, face larger markets, and have low or moderate levels of initial concentration.
2009-03-16T19:16:36Z
2009-03-16T19:16:36Z
2009-01
info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
Alcamentos, N. 0901
http://hdl.handle.net/10017/2405
eng
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Universidad de Alcalá. Departamento de Estadística, Estructura Económica y Organización Económica Internacional
oai:ebuah.uah.es:10017/34832023-12-14T15:35:12Zcom_10017_296com_10017_17962com_10017_17761com_10017_17741col_10017_1138
Monetary poverty, education exclusion and material deprivation amongst youth in Spain
Albert Verdú, Cecilia
Davia Rodríguez, María Ángeles
Youth
Poverty
Material Deprivation
Education exclusion
Authors thank funding from the research contract between the Universidad de Alcalá and the Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs (nº 212/2006), under the coordination of Prof. Luis Toharia
This piece of work analyses the profile of poverty amongst youth in Spain from a multidimensional perspective. This approach entails the estimation of poverty risks, material deprivation indicators and an education exclusion indicator. Material deprivation indicators refer to deficiencies in dwelling¿s conditions, to arrears with payments and non-affordability of basic goods. The analysis is developed on a sample of young adults from the Spanish section of EU-SILC (European Union Survey on Living Conditions). The methodology consists on a set discrete dependent variable models and count data models. The risk of poverty, material deprivation and education exclusion are strongly influenced by household composition, education attainment and labour market status as well as disability and nationality.
2009-07-07T03:53:16Z
2009-07-07T03:53:16Z
2009-06
info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
Alcamentos, N. 0903
http://hdl.handle.net/10017/3483
eng
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Universidad de Alcalá. Departamento de Estadística, Estructura Económica y Organización Económica Internacional
oai:ebuah.uah.es:10017/22612023-12-14T15:35:12Zcom_10017_296com_10017_17962com_10017_17761com_10017_17741col_10017_1138
Demand for differentiated milk products : implications for price competition
López Díaz-Delgado, Elena
López, Rigoberto A.
Demand analysis
Random coefficients model
Milk
Consumer behavior
Retail pricing
Markups
Competition
We apply the Berry, Levinsohn and Pakes (1995) model to scanner data from Boston
supermarkets augmented with consumer characteristics data in order to analyze consumer
choices and price competition in a differentiated fluid milk market. Milk characteristics include
price, fat content, brand name and the organic and/or lactose-free nature of the product.
Empirical results show that consumer valuation of fat decreases with income but increases with
the number of children. Low-fat and specialty milks, such as organic and lactose-free milks, are
preferred by high-income consumers with no children. Although all milks are price elastic at the
individual brand level, the cross-price elasticities are quite low and negligible for specialty milks.
Based on calculated Lerner indexes, private label milks have the highest percent markups
despite their lower prices, while specialty milks have the lowest markups despite their higher
prices, which attests to a greater degree of market power for conventional and particularly for
private label milk.
2008-11-17T15:03:02Z
2008-11-17T15:03:02Z
2008-11
info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
Alcamentos, N. 0805
http://hdl.handle.net/10017/2261
eng
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Universidad de Alcalá. Departamento de Estadística, Estructura Económica y Organización Económica Internacional
oai:ebuah.uah.es:10017/72032023-12-14T15:35:13Zcom_10017_296com_10017_17962com_10017_17761com_10017_17741col_10017_1138
A cohort-based analysis of the influence of minimum wage levels on labour force participation in the informal sector : quantitative and substitution effects
Mora, Jhon James
Muro Romero, Juan de Dios
Informality
Minimum wages
Instrumental variable probit
Pseudo panel
Sample selection bias
The authors are thankful for the valuable suggestions of Ximena Dueñas and Luisa Fernanda Bernat at Icesi University, and those who attended the IARIW and CLADEA Conferences. Jhon James Mora acknowledges Icesi University and The National Institute of Science and Technology in Colombia (COLCIENCIAS) for their financial
assistance. All remaining errors are own
This paper discuses the effect of the minimum wage level on the decision to join the informal job sector. We estimate a pseudo panel of the engagement in the informal sector using an IV-probit. The findings show that an increase in the minimum wage level leads to a substitution effect between young and older workers. This results show that the standards effects over the labor market in the WGM segmented model are moderate because an increase of the minimum wage level does not imply total mobility between sectors.
2010-11-22T10:54:28Z
2010-11-22T10:54:28Z
2010-06
info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
Alcamentos, N. 1001
http://hdl.handle.net/10017/7203
eng
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Universidad de Alcalá. Departamento de Estadística, Estructura Económica y Organización Económica Internacional
oai:ebuah.uah.es:10017/72372023-12-14T15:35:13Zcom_10017_296com_10017_17962com_10017_17761com_10017_17741col_10017_1138
The Spanish technical change : a regional and a dynamic analysis (1994-2007)
Alfaro Moreno, Ana Karina
Núñez Velázquez, José Javier
Technological frontiers
Technological differences
Technical change
Skills
Studying wage dispersion, many researchers have found that the skill premium (the ratio of skilled workers¿ wages to unskilled ones) has increased after 1979 in many developed countries, when there was a very sharp increase in the supply of skilled workers. The recent consensus is that technical change favours skilled workers, replacing tasks previously performed by the unskilled and exacerbating inequality. In the Spanish case, Nuñez and Alfaro (2009) have found evidences of a decline in the wage premium during the nineties. So, in this paper, we distinguish between skilled and unskilled workers differentiating the efficiency units of both types of workers. Moreover, we calculate the Spanish technology frontier and the technology differences between the Spanish Regions in 2006 and we analyze the evolution of the Spanish technology frontier over 1994-2007, testing the kind of technical change. In addition, a coherent Spanish wage micro-data base is achieved, using data from Eurostat: ECHP and EU-SILC.
2010-11-24T17:49:20Z
2010-11-24T17:49:20Z
2010-06
info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
Alcamentos, N. 1002
http://hdl.handle.net/10017/7237
eng
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Universidad de Alcalá. Departamento de Estadística, Estructura Económica y Organización Económica Internacional
oai:ebuah.uah.es:10017/93962023-12-14T15:35:13Zcom_10017_296com_10017_17962com_10017_17761com_10017_17741col_10017_1138
Dual Farrell measures of efficiency
Muro Romero, Juan de Dios
Efficiency measures
Scale measures
Duality theory
Polar forms
This paper is a revised version of an old 1982 paper by the author, partially published in Spanish as Muro and Vera (1983) and cited for example in Fare (1985). The usual disclaimer applies
This paper provides several definitions of efficiency measures in the price space. Economic and scale aspects of inefficiency are considered to give empirical content to the measurement of efficiency when the production technology is described by cost functions models. It shows, in the Hanoch’s symmetric duality approach, how the new definitions preserve the ranking of efficiency, are formally dually symmetric to the ones defined in the input space, and both are established with respect to different descriptions of the same technology. In addition, graphical procedures are utilized to make an insight into the achievement of polar technologies from primal ones and into the relationship between Shephard’s lemma and Roy’s identity.
2011-12-20T12:53:04Z
2011-12-20T12:53:04Z
2011-12
info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
Alcamentos, N. 1101
http://hdl.handle.net/10017/9396
eng
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Universidad de Alcalá. Departamento de Estadística, Estructura Económica y Organización Económica Internacional
oai:ebuah.uah.es:10017/96612023-12-14T15:35:13Zcom_10017_296com_10017_17962com_10017_17761com_10017_17741col_10017_1138
How do we pursue labormetrics? An application using the MCVL
Arranz Muñoz, José María
García Serrano, Carlos
Hernanz Martín, Virginia
Universidad de Alcalá. Departamento de Estadística, Estructura Económica y Organización Económica Internacional
Administrative data
Work histories
Spells of unemployment benefits
Employment
The authors wish to thank the Spanish Social Security for providing the data for this research. Carlos García-Serrano acknowledges financial support by the Ministry of Science and Innovation (National Plan, ECO2010-19963) while José M. Arranz and Virginia Hernanz by the Ramón Areces Foundation. Thanks are also extended to an anonymous referee for helpful comments.
The objective of this paper is to describe a process through which the original information of an administrative data source (the Spanish “Continuous Sample of Working Life” -“Muestra Continua de Vidas Laborales”) can be organised in such a way as to permit the accurate study of work histories. It presents a comparison of the information obtained using the procedure we propose by linking the available samples (2004-2010 complete cumulative spells file) and that obtained using retrospectively only one sample (2010 data file) in three empirical applications. The aim of these applications is to demonstrate the sample loss and the potential biases which occur when data on spells and individuals are not processed correctly.
2012-01-26T10:22:07Z
2012-01-26T10:22:07Z
2012-11
info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
Alcamentos, N. 1201
http://hdl.handle.net/10017/9661
eng
ECO2010-19963 (Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación)
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Universidad de Alcalá. Departamento de Estadística, Estructura Económica y Organización Económica Internacional
oai:ebuah.uah.es:10017/199022023-12-14T15:35:13Zcom_10017_296com_10017_17962com_10017_17761com_10017_17741col_10017_1138
Homotheticity, duality and efficiency measures
Muro Romero, Juan de Dios
Vera Grijalba, Joaquín
Universidad de Alcalá. Departamento de Estadística, Estructura Económica y Organización Económica Internacional
Homothetic technologies
Linearly homogeneous technologies
Efficiency measures
Scale measures
Duality theory
Polar forms
This paper is a version of an old 1983 paper presented at IV Encuentro hispano-francés de economistas teóricos,
Bilbao (1983). All remaining errors are our own
As a result of the duality of cost and distance functions the efficiency of cost-minimizing behavior can be compared to shadow-prizing behaviour, and conversely. In this framework we outline the form that dual efficiency measures, Muro (1982), Muro and Vera (1983), adopt for homothetic and linearly homogeneous technologies. To illustrate the subject we provide a numerical example for a technology described by a translog cost function
2014-01-09T13:07:18Z
2014-01-09T13:07:18Z
2013-12
info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
Alcamentos, N. 1301
http://hdl.handle.net/10017/19902
eng
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Universidad de Alcalá. Departamento de Economía
oai:ebuah.uah.es:10017/199092023-12-14T15:35:14Zcom_10017_296com_10017_17962com_10017_17761com_10017_17741col_10017_1138
On the size of sheepskin effects : a meta-analysis
Mora, Jhon James
Muro Romero, Juan de Dios
Universidad de Alcalá. Departamento de Estadística, Estructura Económica y Organización Económica Internacional
Sheepskin effects
Meta-analysis
Publication bias
We use information gathered from 122 studies on the effects of high school degrees on wages in
different countries worldwide to carry out a meta-analysis that shows high school degrees have a
statistically significant effect on wages of nearly 8%. This effect varies either when the review is made in
countries away from the tropics or when factors such as sex, race, and continent are taken into account.
Our results also reveal the existence of a publication bias that tends to increase the magnitude of the
sheepskin effect. Nevertheless, when the former is included into the analysis the later remains
statistically significant.
2014-01-17T15:05:59Z
2014-01-17T15:05:59Z
2014-01
info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
Alcamentos, N. 1401
http://hdl.handle.net/10017/19909
eng
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Universidad de Alcalá. Departamento de Economía
oai:ebuah.uah.es:10017/200822023-12-14T15:35:15Zcom_10017_296com_10017_17962com_10017_17761com_10017_17741col_10017_1138
A discrete choice model approximation to the consumer's choice among television displays
González Espitia, Carlos Giovanni
Serna Borrero, Natalia
Observable product characteristics
Product differentiation
Quality
Television display
The consumer’s choice over a bundle of products depends on the observable and unobservable characteristics of the product and the consumer. The choice is made over the basis of maximizing utility subject to their income restrictions and, at the same time, firms make product differentiation decisions over the basis of maximizing profit. Quality is one way to differentiate products. An example of this type of differentiation happens in the TV market where several displays are developed. Our objective is to determine the probability for a consumer of choosing a type of display among five kinds: standard tube, LCD, plasma, projection and LED. Using a multinomial logit, we find that electronic appliances such as DVDs and audio systems, as well as socioeconomic status, increase the probability of choosing a high-tech display television. Our empirical approximation contributes to the further understanding of consumer rational behavior through the theory utility maximization and highlights the importance of studying the market structure and analyzing changes in welfare and efficiency
2014-03-26T12:15:24Z
2014-03-26T12:15:24Z
2013-09
info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
Alcamentos, N. 1402
http://hdl.handle.net/10017/20082
eng
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Universidad de Alcalá. Departamento de Economía
oai:ebuah.uah.es:10017/388512023-12-14T15:35:15Zcom_10017_296com_10017_17962com_10017_17761com_10017_17741col_10017_1138
The Long Run Wage-Employment Elasticity: Evidence from Colombia
Mora, Jhon James
Muro Romero, Juan de Dios
Universidad de Alcalá. Departamento de Estadística, Estructura Económica y Organización Económica Internacional
Wage-employment elasticity
Meta-analysis
Publication bias
Hace algunos años, un conjunto de artículos mostró que la relación entre incrementos salariales y subida del desempleo no es clara en USA. Esta evidencia procedente de USA fue relevante para que Stiglitz opinara que la subida de un 22% del salario mínimo en España no provocaría una reducción del empleo en el año 2018. En nuestra opinión, la evidencia en USA es insuficiente para considerar que esta recomendación puede aplicarse sin más a todos los países, cualesquiera que sean sus circunstancias, Diferencias en regulaciones, instituciones y sistemas de bienestar -en especial en el seguro de desempleo-, entre otras, pueden producir alrededor del mundo diferentes resultados a los evidenciados en USA. Colombia como país en desarrollo, con instituciones que difieren de las de USA tanto en diseño como en su práctica cotidiana, es un buen ejemplo para apreciar los posibles contrastes existentes. En este artículo, analizamos los efectos sobre la demanda de empleo de una elevación de los salarios a partir de información de Colombia. Nuestro meta-análisis muestra que a largo plazo la subida de los salarios en un 1% causa una caída del 0.11% del empleo. Estos resultados son robustos aun cuando se tienen en cuenta los posibles sesgos de publicación.
Several years ago, many articles showed that the relationship between wage increases and
unemployment rise is not clear in the USA. This USA evidence was important to determine the
recommendation of Stiglitz that a 22% increase of the minimum wage in Spain will not
reduce the employment in 2018. To our view, the USA evidence is insufficient to consider that
this advice can be extended to all countries. Differences in regulations, institutions and welfare
systems –mainly unemployment insurance-, among others, may produce around the world
different results to the expected outcome in the USA that an increase of the real wages does not
provoke an unemployment rise. Colombia as a developing country, with institutions that differ in
design and practice from those of the USA, could be a good testing example. In this paper, we
analyse the effect of a rise in wages on the demand for employment using Colombian data. Our
meta-analysis shows that a 1% real wage increment causes an 0,11% employment fall in the long
run. These results stand despite publication biases.
2019-09-03T12:26:18Z
2019-09-03T12:26:18Z
2019-08-24
info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
http://hdl.handle.net/10017/38851
eng
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internacional
Universidad de Alcalá. Departamento de Economía