RT info:eu-repo/semantics/article
T1 Fluorescent-based nanosensors for selective detection of a wide range of biological macromolecules: A comprehensive review
A1 Sargazi, Saman
A1 Fatima, Iqra
A1 Hassan Kiani, Maria
A1 Mohammadzadeh, Vahideh
A1 Arshad, Rabia
A1 Bilal, Muhammad
A1 Radhar, Abbas
A1 Díez Pascual, Ana María
K1 Electrochemical
K1 Optical detection
K1 Nanosensors
K1 Fluorescence probes
K1 Carbon dots
K1 Quantum dots
K1 Química
K1 Chemistry
AB Thanks to their unique attributes, such as good sensitivity, selectivity, high surface-to-volume ratio, and versatile optical and electronic properties, fluorescent-based bioprobes have been used to create highly sensitive nano -biosensors to detect various biological and chemical agents. These sensors are superior to other analytical instrumentation techniques like gas chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography, and capillary electrophoresis for being biodegradable, eco-friendly, and more economical, operational, and cost-effective. Moreover, several reports have also highlighted their application in the early detection of biomarkers associ-ated with drug-induced organ damage such as liver, kidney, or lungs. In the present work, we comprehensively overviewed the electrochemical sensors that employ nanomaterials (nanoparticles/colloids or quantum dots, carbon dots, or nanoscaled metal-organic frameworks, etc.) to detect a variety of biological macromolecules based on fluorescent emission spectra. In addition, the most important mechanisms and methods to sense amino acids, protein, peptides, enzymes, carbohydrates, neurotransmitters, nucleic acids, vitamins, ions, metals, and electrolytes, blood gases, drugs (i.e., anti-inflammatory agents and antibiotics), toxins, alkaloids, antioxidants, cancer biomarkers, urinary metabolites (i.e., urea, uric acid, and creatinine), and pathogenic microorganisms were outlined and compared in terms of their selectivity and sensitivity. Altogether, the small dimensions and capability of these nanosensors for sensitive, label-free, real-time sensing of chemical, biological, and pharma-ceutical agents could be used in array-based screening and in-vitro or in-vivo diagnostics. Although fluorescent nanoprobes are widely applied in determining biological macromolecules, unfortunately, they present many challenges and limitations. Efforts must be made to minimize such limitations in utilizing such nanobiosensors with an emphasis on their commercial developments. We believe that the current review can foster the wider incorporation of nanomedicine and will be of particular interest to researchers working on fluorescence tech-nology, material chemistry, coordination polymers, and related research areas.
SN 0141-8130
YR 2022
FD 2022-04-26
LK http://hdl.handle.net/10017/55135
UL http://hdl.handle.net/10017/55135
LA eng
DS MINDS@UW
RD 03-may-2024