ECONOMÍA - Documentos de trabajo
http://hdl.handle.net/10017/30861
ECONOMÍA - Documentos de trabajo2024-03-29T14:19:01ZDesempleo y pobreza en la España de los noventa
http://hdl.handle.net/10017/35943
Desempleo y pobreza en la España de los noventa
Cantó Sánchez, Olga
Durante los años 80 y el inicio de los 90, España es el país de la Unión Europea con una mayor tasa de desempleo. Esto ha llevado a numerosos economistas a intentar explicar, primero, las razones de la existencia de tal diferencia y, posteriormente, las razones por las que sus consecuencias no suponen un clima de altísima conflictividad social. Este trabajo se centra en el segundo punto e intenta razonar una explicación de la actual situación a través del estudio tanto del nivel de participación en el mercado de trabajo de los miembros de la familia como de las rentas que afluyen a los desempleados y a sus hogares.
Los resultados obtenidos indican la existencia de cierta concentración del fenómeno del desempleo en hogares con sustentador principal desempleado y de una alta correlación del desempleo del sustentador principal con la probabilidad del hogar de ser pobre. La estructura de ingreso de los hogares con sustentador principal desempleado se diversifica en todo tipo de renta diferente de aquélla procedente del empleo. Los receptores de prestaciones o subsidios parecen mantener la distribución de sus fuentes de renta al menos durante 9 a 12 meses del tiempo en desempleo mientras los no receptores de estos ingresos centran su ingreso en otras transferencias del Estado o remesas de otros hogares. El incremento de las tasas de desempleo de los sustentadores principales y la modificación de la Ley de acceso a las prestaciones por desempleo hacen que la probabilidad de cualquier hogar de ser pobre aumente a partir del inicio de 1993. Los hogares con sustentador principal desempleado parecen suavizar su nivel de bienestar ante la contingencia del desempleo manteniendo en gran medida su nivel de consumo durante el mismo.
78 p.
1997-01-01T00:00:00ZA tale of two neighbour economies : does wage flexibility make the difference between Portuguese and Spanish unemployment?
http://hdl.handle.net/10017/35941
A tale of two neighbour economies : does wage flexibility make the difference between Portuguese and Spanish unemployment?
Castillo Delgado, Sonsoles; Dolado, Juan J.; Jimeno Serrano, Juan Francisco
Portugal and Spain are two neighbour economies which share many characteristics. However, Spanish unemployment more than doubles Portuguese unemployment. In this paper we provide an explanation for this difference in two steps. First, we estimate the degree of nominal and real wage rigidity in both countries and the dynamic response of various labour market variables to different types of shocks using structural VAR techniqies. Our results show that real wage flexibility is higher in Portugal, and that, although shocks hitting both economies since the beginning of the eighties were not too dissimilar, their effects on unemployment were much more long-lasting in Spain than in Portugal. And secondly, we use individual data from the Spanish and Portuguese Household Budget Surveys to measure the loss in consumption suffered by unemployment workers relative to employed workers. We find that this loss is much more sizeable in Portual, wich could explain the higher degree of wage flexibility shown by the Portuguese labour market.
43 p.
1998-01-01T00:00:00ZThe causes of Spanish unemployment : a structural VAR approach
http://hdl.handle.net/10017/35923
The causes of Spanish unemployment : a structural VAR approach
Jimeno Serrano, Juan Francisco; Dolado, Juan J.
We review the causes of Spanish unemployment by estimating a simple macroeconomic model using the VAR methodology. In our model, the labour market presents full hysteresis, hypothesis which provides a sufficient number of identifying restrictions to be imposed in the estimation. Our results suggest that the combination of a plausible mixture of different types of shocks and extreme persistence mechanisms in the transmission of them explains the performance of the Spanish labour market in the last two decades.
30 p.
1996-05-01T00:00:00ZThe organization of bargaining in Spanish firms
http://hdl.handle.net/10017/35746
The organization of bargaining in Spanish firms
Jimeno Serrano, Juan Francisco; Palenzuela, Diego R.
A model of the detenninants of formal firm-level firm is proposed, and some of their implications are tested. The model analyses bargaining within a finn, when replacing teams of workers is costly. Workers have tlle choice of bargaining ex ante and collectively for the value of the firm (formal firm-level bargaining), orto bargain ex post and independently for tlleir marginal productivity (informal bargaining). Under the first of these choices, coordinated bargaining, workers cooperate with each other when negotiating with the finn. Under uncoordinated bargaining workers take as given the outcomes of ofüer workers' negotiations. The model points to characteristics that should predict the likelihood of formal firm-level bargaining, and shows its implications regarding wages and total surplus. In particular, the model points to firms' size as a leading determinant factor of finn-level bargaining.
The main predictions of tllis model are tested empirically using Spanish firm-level data which combine information from collective bargaining statistics and from firms' balance sheets. Our main empírica! findings are: i) surplus per employee is lower in firms with formal firm-level bargaining, ii) conmilling for average surplus, number of employees and other variables, total payments to workers are higher and less correlated with füe surplus variable in firms with formal bargaining, iii) larger firms are more likely to develop formal finn-level bargaining; and iv) controlling for endogeneity bias, firms' size appears to increase the ability of workers to increase wages.
38 p.
1995-02-01T00:00:00Z