%0 Journal Article 
%A Febles, Jorge
%T Martí descubre a la mujer estadounidense: "Impresiones de América por un español muy fresco"
%D 2010
%U http://hdl.handle.net/10017/8326
%X In this essay, I discuss briefly three magazine sketches written by José Martí
during his first prolonged stay in New York City. The essays, entitled collectively
“Impressions of America (by a Very Fresh Spaniard)” appeared in the journal The Hour
in July 10, August 21, and October 23, 1880. The Cuban essayist summarizes at times
in rather piquant manner his initial reaction to the United States. In doing so, he focuses
for the first time on American women, establishing a critical and metaphorical outlook
that will prevail throughout those North American Scenes (Escenas norteamericanas)
penned by him for different Latin American newspapers during his fifteen years in New
York. I argue that he approaches his subjects as symbols of a specific historical period
rather than as human beings. They are emblems of that Gilded Age which he came to
detest. In his essays on manners, Martí portrays women essentially according to four
paradigms: corrupt and noxious entities, rebels undergoing a precarious evolution,
humble victims of capitalist society, and merely decorative objects lacking concrete
personality. By succinctly analyzing their role in the sketches in question, I intend to
provide a foundation, questionable though it may be, from which to study Martí’s
depiction of U.S. women throughout his North American Scenes.

%K Critical article
%K Ensayo
%K North America scenes
%K Gilded age
%K Femme nouvelle or new woman
%K American woman
%K Patriarchal order
%K Masculine gaze
%K Child-woman
%K Fresh spaniard
%K Invented prototype
%K Symbol or emblem
%K Female object
%K Binary structure
%K Wretched of the Earth
%K Escenas norteamericanas
%K Mujer estadounidense
%K Orden patriarcal
%K Mirada masculina
%K Mujer-niña
%K Español fresco
%K Tipo inventado
%K Símbolo o emblema
%K Objeto femenino
%K Esquema binario
%K Pobres de la tierra
%K Humanidades
%K Historia de América
%K America-History
%K Arte
%K Art
%K Literatura
%K Literature
%~ Biblioteca Universidad de Alcala